ÖZ
Bu çalışma, kurumsal bağlamlarda hükümet desteği (GS), vergiler ve bürokrasi (TB) ile hükümet programlarının (GP) girişimcilik niyeti (EI) ve yerleşik iş sahipliği (EBO) ile nasıl ilişkili olduğunu incelemektedir. Küresel Girişimcilik İzleme verileri (2002-2018) kullanılmakta ve dört ülke kümesi için random-effects geleneksel en küçük kareler modelleri tahmin edilmektedir. Bulgular, belirgin bir aşama duyarlılığı ve güçlü bir bağlam bağımlılığı göstermektedir. Politika uyumu ve öngörülebilirliğin yüksek olduğu ortamlarda GS, EI ile pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki sergilemektedir (örn., güçlü destek sistemlerinde β=1.496; yüksek girişimcilik faaliyetli ekosistemlerde β=5.520). Bu bağlamlarda TB ve GP, ağırlıklı olarak girişim sonrası aşamada etkili olmakta; tekrar eden uyum yüklerini azaltmakta ve eşgüdümlü kaynak sunumu yoluyla işletmelerin ayakta kalmasını ve pekişmesini desteklemektedir. Parçalanmanın baskın olduğu ortamlarda ise bu kanallar zayıflamaktadır. Yüksek bürokrasi ortamlarında GS ve GP, EBO ile negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişkilidir (örn., GP→EBO: β=−1.965) ve TB tutarlı bir ilişki göstermemektedir. Gelişen ekonomilerde ise GS, TB ve GP’nin tamamı EBO ile negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki sergilemektedir (örn., GP→EBO: β=−4.232); bu desen, zayıf yaptırım kapasitesi ve düzensiz uygulama ile uyumludur. Genel olarak devlet müdahaleleri ne evrensel olarak fayda üretmektedir ne de aşama-nötrdür. Etkiler, kurumsal güvenilirliğe ve uygulama kalitesine, ayrıca GS, TB ve GP’nin EI ve EBO’nun farklı gereksinimleriyle uyumuna bağlı olarak değişmektedir.
JEL Sınıflandırması: L26, H30, O38
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Girişimcilik Niyeti, Kamu Desteği, Girişimcilik Politikası
Kaynaklar
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